The purpose of the current research was to investigate the obstacles to the implementation of school-based management in Iran's educational system based on the interpretive structural modeling approach. The research method was a modeling study. The statistical population of the research was specifically the academic staff members of the university, 25 of whom were purposefully selected from the desired cases. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-interactive questionnaire. In order to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the criterion of content validity was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.96. The data analysis was done with interpretive structural modeling method. The results of the research showed that 9 factors play a role as barriers to school-oriented management. Also, the results showed that financial obstacles (the cost of school-oriented management), socio-cultural obstacles and political obstacles (political focus on schools by the central government) as key independent variables have high influence power and low dependence. Also, the results showed that the lack of belief in the professional competence of school administrators, the lack of infrastructure facilities, the emphasis of upper management on the supervision and control of schools, and the lack of cooperation of local communities with school-based management as the linking variables with the greatest power of influence and the greatest power of dependence. and the centralism in the education system of the country and the lack of legal powers to school managers and staff as dependent variables have high dependency power and low influence power.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of risk management (RM) and its components on the implementation of knowledge management (KM) in Sahneh municipality, Iran. The shift in municipal approaches from service-oriented to market-oriented and project-oriented has increased the need for usable management of new knowledge and information. In this context, the main objective of the present research is to examine the role of risk management in improving the implementation of knowledge management in these organizations.Method: This research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach (both quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population consisted of 255 employees of Sahneh municipality, from which 150 were selected using stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included two standardized questionnaires: the knowledge management Questionnaire of Choumi Tseng and the Risk management Questionnaire of Samimi, with their reliability confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In the qualitative part of the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders and experts within Sahneh municipality to identify specific challenges and risks associated with KM implementation. In the quantitative part, the standardized questionnaires were distributed to the selected sample, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Statistical techniques such as regression analysis, correlation coefficients, and ANOVA were employed to examine the relationships between RM components and KM success.Findings: The findings indicated that RM components have a significant impact on the success of KM implementation. The most important challenges in implementing KM in Sahneh municipality included cultural resistance among employees to sharing knowledge, lack of technological infrastructure, and inadequate training programs. The analysis showed that effective RM can help mitigate these challenges and enhance KM implementation. Moreover, the results demonstrated a positive correlation between RM components and KM success. The study revealed that factors such as risk identification and assessment, regular training programs on RM and KM, and providing appropriate technological infrastructure play a crucial role in improving KM. Additionally, fostering a suitable culture and encouraging employees to share knowledge through reward and incentive systems can contribute to greater KM success.Conclusion: The research concluded that RM plays a vital role in the successful implementation of KM, especially in dynamic and project-based environments like Iranian municipalities. It is recommended that organizations adopt integrated RM and KM frameworks to optimize their knowledge assets and enhance overall performance. Implementing an integrated approach to RM and KM can help identify and mitigate risks while maximizing opportunities. Future research should explore specific mechanisms through which RM influences KM in various organizational contexts and develop appropriate strategies for different sectors. This study highlights the necessity of appropriate educational and cultural programs to encourage employees to share knowledge in similar organizations. Additionally, providing adequate technological infrastructure and implementing optimal KM systems are essential. Furthermore, establishing reward and incentive systems to encourage employees to share knowledge and information is recommended.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of systematic thinking on knowledge management in Companies based in the field of energy. This study evaluated the implementation of knowledge management in the context of systems thinking subject, So that the factors which affect its success or failure could be better understood and recognized. For measuring Systems thinking Goldman model includes organizational hierarchy, Equifinality, ambiguous component dependencies, environmental communication and holism has been used. To measure this dimension, Goldman questionnaire was used And to measure the knowledge management as the dependent variable Shu-Hsien Liao & Chi-chuan Wu (2010) Questionnaire are used. Statistical populations of this research are Professionals, middle managers and senior managers Companies based in the field of energy in the interior, that of this Statistical population 291 people were studied. In order to examining the relationships among variables, the structural modeling techniques and the LISREL software has been used. The Results of indicators such as RMSEA, GFI, and AGFI have proven that results are good and useable. Accordingly Obtained results Implies that Systems thinking dimensions Has a direct and significant impact on the knowledge management. Finally, suggestions are presented at the end of the research.

The main goal of defense organizations is to use knowledge management to maintain competitive advantage and maintain it in the stages of growth and maturity in the organization's life cycle, and in accordance with the advancement of knowledge and technology, it is necessary to set up and collaborate with corporations and knowledge collections. Which requires the implementation and implementation of guidelines and models for knowledge management. In this research, by studying the subject literature and previous researches, a comprehensive collection of effective factors of extraction, and after screening by the experts, ultimately 7 main axes and 43 effective criteria, and their validity with Truston method, reliability of the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and approval 85 statistical questionnaires were used to select the statistical society in the knowledge societies with the defense industry. For pre-processing of data, Excel and SPSS software was used to identify the factors, confirmation and validation of the model and ranking of factors using Structural Equation Method with Smart PLS software. The results of the research show that KMS implementation model knowledge-based defense companies include seven factors of organizational structure, leadership, technology, processes, personnel, strategy and outcomes. According to the rankings, organizational structure has the least importance and the most important implications. It is suggested that researchers in future investigate the pathogens of limiting factors and obstacles to deploying knowledge management systems in knowledge based companies.